Spore Bacillus anthracis live in 70 years

In the history of microbiology, Bacillus anthracis is a pathogenic bacteria that cause disease antraks. Davaine & Rayer (1850) and Pollander (1855) have found bacteria of this network because the animals that died antraks. Then in the year 1857 Brauell bacteria can move this menginokulasi with blood from an infected animal, and the new 1877 Robert Koch successfully propagate B. anthracis in the laboratory. 
This gram-positive bacteria have a size of 3-5 mx 1-1.2 m. Straight rod-shaped layout with two-or two-like chain. Cell wall of bacteria is a polisakarida somatik consisting of N-asetilglukosamin and D-galaktosa. 

Furthermore, in bacterial cells antraks this eksotoksin there is also a complex consisting of protective Ag (PA), lethal factor (LF) and oedema factor (EF). Ketigannya role is seen in the rise of infectious diseases antraks. Precisely, the third component of the role eksotoksin together. Potective Ag serves to bind reseptor and lethal factor. Oedema factor while the system will enter the cells of bacteria. Oedema factor is the increasing adenilsiklase camp sitoplasma cells, while the specific function of the lethal factor is not yet known. 

Defense of life 
In maintaining the life cycle, Bacillus anthracis formed two defense system, and the spore capsule. These two forms, especially that caused spore Bacillus anthracis can survive up to tens of years. 

While the capsule is a thin layer of the veil outside the walls of the bacteria. Capsule consists of a high molecular weight polipeptida containing acid and D-glutamat is a hapten. Bacillus anthracis capsule can be formed on the chain line. In the usual media, Bacillus anthracis capsule form but not in the groove of Bacillus anthracis violent. 

Furthermore, these bacteria will form a capsule with both on the network if there are animals that died or on special media containing natrium bicarbonate concentration with a carbon dioxide (CO2) 5 percent. This is the capsule that fagositosis a role in the persecution by the body immune system, and can also determine the degree of malignancy or virulensi bacteria.

In addition, the Bacillus anthracis spore form also as a form of resting cells. The formation of spore akan occur when essential nutrients required to meet the needs of growth, the process is called sporulasi. Sporidium ellipse-shaped or oval, centrally located with diameter less than diameter of the bacteria itself. Bacillus anthracis spore form is not on the network or the blood of the living animal, the spore grows well on land or on the network eksudat or dead animals because antraks. 

This is where the bacteria this distinction, when the circumstances surrounding environment to become good again, or essential nutrients have been met, sporidium akan changed back into the form of the bacteria. Spore-spore is able to continue to survive for tens of years due to damaged or die hard by heating or chemical-specific, so that the bacteria are dormant, but not living breed. 

The pattern of transmission: 
Antraks is a zoonosis disease that attacks the herbivora such as cows, sheep, horses, and others. Although, in general, rarely attack humans, but in fact this disease is a disease that is quite meresahkan. In principle there are three ways of transmission of disease to humans antraks. 

First, through direct contact. Spore or bacteria enter through skin lesi. Usually ekstrimitas who fell ill are particularly ekstrimitas the top. Klinisnya form known as malignant pustule or cutaneus Anthrax, arising 12-36 days after contact with the bacteria. At first, arising papula small, removing the liquid, the middle of the lesi appear nekrosis surrounded the area red. 

Second, through the respiratory channel. Klinisnya called pulmonary form of Anthrax, usually found on the factory workers and wool skin tanner. 

Third, through a per oral. Form klinisnya happen because ingest food (meat) or the infected bacterial spore antraks. Gastrointestinal disease called Anthrax. This form is usually treated difficult and dangerous. Symptoms that appear are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and sometimes hamatemesis